Opensignal is the independent global standard for analyzing consumers' connectivity experiences. Our industry reports are the definitive guide to understanding what happens when people use their mobile and broadband connections in their daily life.
Opensignal is the independent global standard for analyzing consumers' connectivity experiences. Our industry reports are the definitive guide to understanding what happens when people use their mobile and broadband connections in their daily life.
In the previous report, HT and Telemach shared first place for Download Speed Experience. This time, HT claims the top spot with a score of 68.5Mbps, beating the previous joint winner by 6.8Mbps. A1 comes third, but our users on this network observe a boost in their average overall download speed of 5.5Mbps, bringing the operator’s score to 50.2Mbps. While it has lost its grip on Download Speed Experience, Telemach turns a joint win for Upload Speed Experience into a sole one and claims the award outright with a score of 16.5Mbps — 2.4Mbps ahead of HT.
Opensignal new Coverage Experience metrics measure the extent of mobile networks in the places people live, work, and travel. HT wins Coverage Experience outright with a score of 8.4 points on a 10-point scale — beating A1 by 1.2 points and Telemach by 2.4 points. While Telemach comes last for Coverage Experience, it wins 5G Coverage Experience with a score of 2.2 points on a 10-point scale. Statistically tied A1 and HT share second place for 5G Coverage Experience, around 0.6 points behind the winner.
Telemach snatches the Consistent Quality award with a score of 81.7%. HT is the runner-up, 4.1 percentage points behind the winner, while A1 comes third, with a score of 76.1%. This metric measures if the network is sufficient to support common mobile application requirements at a level that is ‘good enough’ for users to maintain (or complete) various typical demanding tasks on their devices. It assesses a number of experience indicators such as download speed, upload speed, latency, jitter, packet loss, and time to first byte.
In the previous report, HT broke out of statistical ties with its competitors, turning two joint wins for 5G Download Speed and 5G Upload Speed into outright victories. The operator retains both awards and wins them for the second consecutive time. While all operators’ 5G Upload Speed scores remain statistically unchanged, our HT users observe a stunning increase of 69.2Mbps in their average 5G download speeds — nearly a quarter faster than in the previous report. As a result, HT leads for 5G Download Speed with a score of 364.9Mbps — nearly twice as fast as A1 and Telemach which are in a statistical tie for second place.
HT and Telemach shared the winners’ podium for Availability in the previous report. HT slips off the top spot, meaning Telemach solely claims it with a score of 98.3% — around 1.6 percentage points ahead of A1 and HT which are statistically tied for second place. These scores reflect the percentage of time our Croatian users connect to 3G or better services. Telemach defends another coverage award — 5G Availability — and wins it outright for the second time in a row, with a score of 30.5% —a score around 2.5 times higher than its statistically tied competitors.
In Opensignal's latest Croatia Mobile Network Experience report we introduce Live Video Experience and 5G Live Video Experience, which represent the overall and 5G experience of our users when streaming real-time video over mobile networks. We also include Consistent Quality, which replaces the Excellent Consistent Quality and Core Consistent Quality awards used in previous reports. In addition, Opensignal introduces new Coverage Experience metrics that measure the extent of overall and 5G mobile networks in the places people live, work, and travel.
Telemach leads the award count with five outright and seven joint wins out of 17 awards available. It remains the sole winner for 5G Availability and turns two joint wins — Upload Speed Experience and Availability — into two outright wins. Telemach also triumphs for 5G Coverage Experience and Consistent Quality for the first time.
HT wins four awards outright and eight jointly — it retains both 5G speed awards, takes home Download Speed Experience, and is the first-ever winner of Coverage Experience. A1’s award haul is more modest compared to its competitors — the operator is a four-time joint winner, in both live video and games categories.
Our results in this report are based on measurements collected across all major mobile operators in Croatia – A1, HT, and Telemach – over the period of 90 days between June 1, 2023 and August 29, 2023, to see how they fared.
HT and Telemach remain joint winners for Video Experience with scores of 68-69.2 points on a 100-point scale — but A1 slips off the winners’ podium compared to the previous report. HT and Telemach rate as Very Good (68-78), which means our users are, on average, able to stream video at 1080p or better with satisfactory loading times and little stalling. Meanwhile, A1 places in a category below — Good (58-68).
Video Experience scores account for adaptive bitrate streaming (ABR), a technology that allows Opensignal to accurately represent users’ real video experience including video streams up to 4K quality.
Opensignal’s Video Experience quantifies the quality of video streamed to mobile devices by measuring real-world video streams over an operator's networks. The metric is based on an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach, built upon detailed studies which have derived a relationship between technical parameters, including picture quality, video loading time and stall rate, with the perceived video experience as reported by real people. To calculate video experience, we are directly measuring video streams from end-user devices and using this ITU approach to quantify the overall video experience for each operator on a scale from 0 to 100. The videos tested include a mixture of resolutions — including Full HD (FHD) and 4K / Ultra HD (UHD) — and are streamed directly from the world’s largest video content providers.
In addition to Video Experience, we report on the following metrics related to video experience:
A1, HT and Telemach become the first recipients of the Live Video Experience award in Croatia, with statistically tied scores of 58.6-60.2 points on a 100-point scale. All of them rate as Excellent (58 or above) — which means our users are, on average, able to stream video at least at 1080p with low loading times, little stalling, and a satisfactory live offset.
Operators’ Live Video Experience scores are determined using a range of measures that impact users’ perceived live streaming viewing experience, including picture quality, video loading time, and stall rate, but also live playback offset — the time difference between real-time and the current playback position a viewer sees.
Unlike Video Experience, which represents on-demand video streams, Live Video Experience quantifies live video streaming used for current events. For example when users watch live sports, game streams, music concerts, or news where the event is happening at that moment in time.
Opensignal’s Live Video Experience quantifies the quality of real-time video streamed to mobile devices by measuring video streams over an operator's network. The metric extends the existing International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach used for Opensignal's on-demand Video Experience metric, built upon detailed studies which have derived a relationship between technical parameters, including live playback offset, picture quality, video loading time and stall rate, with the perceived live video experience as reported by real people. To calculate live video experience, we are directly measuring live video streams from end-user devices and using this extension of ITU's approach to quantify the overall live video experience for each operator on a scale from 0 to 100. The videos tested include a mixture of resolutions and are streamed directly from the world’s largest video content providers.
All Croatian operators remain joint winners for Games Experience, with scores of 73.8-74.2 points on a 100-point scale. Regardless of the network to which they are subscribed, our Croatian users have a Fair (65-75) gaming experience. In most cases, the game is responsive to the actions of the player with most users feeling like they have control over the game. The majority of players notice a delay between their actions and the outcomes in the game.
Opensignal’s Games Experience measures how mobile users experience real-time multiplayer mobile gaming on an operator’s network. Measured on a scale of 0-100, it analyzes how our users’ multiplayer mobile gaming experience is affected by mobile network conditions including latency, packet loss and jitter.
Games Experience quantifies the experience when playing real-time multiplayer mobile games on mobile devices connected to servers located around the world. The approach is built on several years of research quantifying the relationship between technical network parameters and the gaming experience as reported by real mobile users. These parameters include latency (round trip time), jitter (variability of latency) and packet loss (the proportion of data packets that never reach their destination). Additionally, it considers multiple genres of multiplayer mobile games to measure the average sensitivity to network conditions. The games tested include some of the most popular real-time multiplayer mobile games (such as Fortnite, Pro Evolution Soccer and Arena of Valor) played around the world.
Calculating Games Experience starts with measuring the end-to-end experience from users’ devices to internet end-points that host real games. The score is then measured on a scale from 0 to 100.
In addition to Games Experience, we report on the following metrics related to games experience:
After a three-way statistical tie for first place for Voice App Experience, in the previous report, A1 drops from the winners’ podium. This leaves HT and Telemach as joint winners for this award, with scores of 78.8-79.7 points on a 100-point scale.
All Croatian operators place in the Acceptable (74-80) category for Voice App Experience. This means some users are satisfied but some others experience perceptible call quality impairments such as hearing clicking sounds of short duration or distortion.
Opensignal's Voice App Experience measures the quality of experience for over-the-top (OTT) voice services — mobile voice apps such as WhatsApp, Skype and Facebook Messenger — using a model derived from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach for quantifying overall voice call quality and a series of calibrated technical parameters. This model characterizes the exact relationship between the technical measurements and perceived call quality. Voice App Experience for each operator is calculated on a scale from 0 to 100.
In addition to Voice App Experience, we report on the following metrics related to voice app experience:
In the previous report HT and Telemach were joint winners of the Download Speed Experience award. This time, HT comes first with a score of 68.5Mbps, beating Telemach by 6.8Mbps. A1 comes third, but our users on this network observe an increase in their average overall download speed of 5.5Mbps, bringing the operator’s score to 50.2Mbps.
Measured in Mbps, Download Speed Experience represents the typical everyday speeds a user experiences across an operator’s mobile data networks.
In addition to Download Speed Experience, we report on the following metrics related to download speeds:
After sharing Upload Speed Experience with HT, Telemach takes home the award this time around, with a score of 16.5Mbps — 2.4Mbps ahead of HT. A1 brings up the rear with a score of 11.8Mbps.
Upload Speed Experience measures the average upload speeds for each operator observed by our users across their mobile data networks. Typically upload speeds are slower than download speeds, as current mobile broadband technologies focus resources on providing the best possible download speed for users consuming content on their devices. As mobile internet trends move away from downloading content to creating content and supporting real-time communications services, upload speeds are becoming more vital and new technologies are emerging that boost upstream capacity.
In addition to Upload Speed Experience, we report on five supporting metrics related to upload speeds:
While all three Croatian operators shared the victory for 5G Video Experience in the previous report, only HT and Telemach remain on the winners’ podium this time around, with scores in the 76-77.1 points range on a 100-point scale. A1 comes third with a score of 74.1 points — around 2.5 points behind the joint winners. All operators place in the Very Good (68-78) category, which means our users are, on average, able to stream video at 1080p or better with satisfactory loading times and little stalling when connected to 5G.
5G Video Experience scores account for adaptive bitrate streaming (ABR), a technology that allows Opensignal to accurately represent users’ real video experience including video streams up to 4K quality.
5G Video Experience quantifies the quality of mobile video experienced by Opensignal users on real-world video streams when they were connected to 5G. The metric is based on an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach, built upon detailed studies which have derived a relationship between technical parameters, including picture quality, video loading time and stall rate, with the perceived video experience as reported by real people. To calculate 5G Video Experience, we are directly measuring video streams from end-user devices and using this ITU approach to quantify the video experience observed by our users on each operator’s 5G network on a scale from 0 to 100. The videos tested include a mixture of resolutions — including Full HD (FHD) and 4K / Ultra HD (UHD) — and are streamed directly from the world’s largest video content providers.
A1, HT and Telemach become the first joint winners in Croatia for 5G Live Video Experience, with statistically tied scores of 66.9-68.8 points on a 100-point scale. Regardless of their choice of operator, our Croatian users enjoy an Excellent (58 or above) 5G Live Video Experience. This means they are, on average, able to stream video at least at 1080p with low loading times, little stalling, and a satisfactory live offset.
5G Live Video Experience score is calculated using a range of measures that impact users’ perceived live streaming viewing experience over 5G connections, including picture quality, video loading time, and stall rate, but also live playback offset — the time difference between real-time and the current playback position a viewer sees.
Unlike 5G Video Experience, which represents on-demand video streams, 5G Live Video Experience quantifies live video streaming used for current events. For example when users watch live sports, game streams, music concerts, or news where the event is happening at that moment in time.
Opensignal’s Live Video Experience quantifies the quality of real-time video streamed to mobile devices by measuring video streams over an operator's network. The metric extends the existing International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach used for Opensignal's on-demand Video Experience metric, built upon detailed studies which have derived a relationship between technical parameters, including live playback offset, picture quality, video loading time and stall rate, with the perceived live video experience as reported by real people. To calculate live video experience, we are directly measuring live video streams from end-user devices and using this extension of ITU's approach to quantify the overall live video experience for each operator on a scale from 0 to 100. The videos tested include a mixture of resolutions and are streamed directly from the world’s largest video content providers.
5G Live Video Experience quantifies the quality of mobile video experienced by Opensignal users on real-world live video streams when they were connected to 5G.
A1 and HT remain joint winners for 5G Games Experience, with scores of 85.3-86.8 points on a 100-point scale and rate as Excellent (85 or above). Nearly all users feel like they have control over the game and they receive immediate feedback on their actions when they are connected to 5G — there is not a noticeable delay in almost all cases. Telemach comes third, with a score of 80.7 points — around 5.3 points behind the joint winners. The operator places in a category below — Good (75-85).
5G Games Experience measures how mobile users experience real-time multiplayer mobile gaming on an operator's 5G network. It analyzes how our users’ multiplayer mobile gaming experience was affected by mobile network conditions including latency, packet loss and jitter. 5G Games Experience for each operator is calculated on a scale from 0 to 100.
5G Games Experience quantifies the experience when playing real-time multiplayer mobile games on mobile devices connected to servers located around the world. The approach is built on several years of research quantifying the relationship between technical network parameters and the gaming experience as reported by real mobile users. These parameters include latency (round trip time), jitter (variability of latency) and packet loss (the proportion of data packets that never reach their destination). Additionally, it considers multiple genres of multiplayer mobile games to measure the average sensitivity to network conditions. The games tested include some of the most popular real-time multiplayer mobile games (such as Fortnite, Pro Evolution Soccer and Arena of Valor) played around the world. Calculating 5G Games Experience starts with measuring the end-to-end experience from users’ devices to internet end-points that host real games.
Opensignal observed a statistical tie between all three Croatia’s national operators for 5G Voice App Experience in the previous report. However, this time only HT and Telemach remain joint winners with scores of 82.4-83 points — around 1.6 points ahead of third-placed A1. All operators in Croatia rate as Good (80-87) for 5G Voice App Experience. This means many users are satisfied but some experience minor quality impairments. Sometimes the background is not quite clear, it could have been either hazy or not loud enough.
5G Voice App Experience quantifies the experience of Opensignal users when using over-the-top voice apps — such as WhatsApp, Skype and Facebook Messenger — on an operator’s 5G network. It uses a model derived from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach for quantifying overall voice call quality and a series of calibrated technical parameters. This model characterizes the exact relationship between the technical measurements and perceived call quality. 5G Voice App Experience for each operator is calculated on a scale from 0 to 100.
HT wins 5G Download Speed outright for the second consecutive report — this time with a score of 364.9Mbps. Our HT users observe an impressive boost of 69.2Mbps — nearly a quarter faster than in the previous report, while their peers on A1 and Telemach networks observed no statistically significant changes. Due to this, HT increases its winning margin over statistically-tied A1 and Telemach to around 174.4Mbps. HT’s winning score is almost twice as high as A1’s and Telemach’s nearly identical scores of 190.4-190.6Mbps.
5G Download Speed shows the average download speed experienced by Opensignal users across an operator’s 5G network. 5G Download Speed for each operator is calculated in Mbps (Megabits per second).
HT triumphs for 5G Upload Speed for the second time in a row, with a score of 41.8Mbps. It commands a lead of 7.8Mbps over second-placed Telemach, while A1 comes last with a score of 25.7Mbps. All operators’ 5G Upload Speed scores remain statistically unchanged since the previous report.
5G Upload Speed measures the average upload speeds experienced by Opensignal users across an operator’s 5G network. 5G Upload Speed for each operator is calculated in Mbps (Megabits per second).
HT is the first winner of Coverage Experience in Croatia. It claims the award with a score of 8.4 points on a 10-point scale — beating A1 by 1.2 points and Telemach by 2.4 points.
The Opensignal Coverage Experience metric measures the extent of mobile networks in the places people live, work and travel. The metric represents the experience users receive as they travel around areas where they would reasonably expect to find coverage.
Traditional coverage metrics typically estimate either a percentage of land area covered, or a percentage of population covered; often neither will be an accurate measurement of the true user expectation and experience. In many markets there are areas where neither population density nor geographic area reflect the importance of coverage to users. For example, in a large mountain range most users will not expect coverage in the wilderness, but poor coverage in the relatively small area of a ski resort is critical for the enjoyment of a holiday. Estimates based purely on population give undue significance to coverage in the most densely populated areas.
Coverage Experience measures geographic coverage of populated areas and therefore more accurately reflects the coverage expectations and experience of typical users. It can give a result that is somewhat different to traditional estimates based on either geographic or population measures. The metric uses a scale from 0 to 10.
The coverage maps show the locations where we received measurements from users connecting with 3G or better mobile service. Each map provides an indication of the areas in which it is possible to obtain mobile service from that mobile operator.
Telemach triumphs over its rivals in the 5G Coverage Experience category, becoming the first winner of this award in Croatia. It does so with a score of 2.2 points on a 10-point scale — 0.6 points ahead of A1 and HT, both statistically tied for second place.
The Opensignal Coverage Experience metric measures the extent of mobile networks in the places people live, work and travel. The metric represents the experience users receive as they travel around areas where they would reasonably expect to find coverage.
Traditional coverage metrics typically estimate either a percentage of land area covered, or a percentage of population covered; often neither will be an accurate measurement of the true user expectation and experience. In many markets there are areas where neither population density nor geographic area reflect the importance of coverage to users. For example, in a large mountain range most users will not expect coverage in the wilderness, but poor coverage in the relatively small area of a ski resort is critical for the enjoyment of a holiday. Estimates based purely on population give undue significance to coverage in the most densely populated areas.
Coverage Experience measures geographic coverage of populated areas and therefore more accurately reflects the coverage expectations and experience of typical users. It can give a result that is somewhat different to traditional estimates based on either geographic or population measures. The metric uses a scale from 0 to 10.
5G Coverage Experience shows the proportion of places Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription had an active 5G connection.
The coverage maps show the locations where we received measurements from users connecting with 3G or better mobile service. Each map provides an indication of the areas in which it is possible to obtain mobile service from that mobile operator.
HT and Telemach were joint winners for Availability in the previous report. This time, HT loses its hold on this award, leaving Telemach as a sole winner. Telemach triumphs with a score of 98.3% — around 1.6 percentage points ahead of A1 and HT which are statistically tied for second place. Telemach’s winning score means that our Croatian users on this network connect to 3G or better services for 98.3% of time.
Our availability metrics are not a measure of a network’s geographical extent. They won’t tell you whether you are likely to get a signal if you plan to visit a remote rural or nearly uninhabited region. Instead, they measure what proportion of time people have a network connection, in the places they most commonly frequent — something often missed by traditional coverage metrics. Looking at when users have a connection rather than where, provides us with a more precise reflection of the true user experience.
We also keep track of the instances that leave mobile users most frustrated: when there is no signal to connect to at all. The most common dead zones users struggle with occur indoors. As most of our availability data is collected indoors (as that’s where users spend most of their time), we’re particularly astute at detecting areas of zero signal.
Our availability metrics take a user-centric, time-based approach that complements the user-centric and geographical-based methodology used by our reach metrics.
Availability shows the proportion of time all Opensignal users on an operator’s network had either a 3G, 4G or 5G connection.
The coverage maps show the locations where we received measurements from users connecting with 3G or better mobile service. Each map provides an indication of the areas in which it is possible to obtain mobile service from that mobile operator.
Telemach keeps 5G Availability in a firm grip, as it wins this award outright for the second time in a row, with a score of 30.5% — which reflects the proporton of time our Telemach 5G users spend with an active 5G connection. The operator commands an impressive lead over its statistically tied competitors of around 18.3 percentage points. This means, our Telemach 5G users spend proportionally around 2.5 times more time connected to 5G services than their A1 or HT counterparts. All operators’ 5G Availability scores remain statistically unchanged from the previous report.
Our availability metrics are not a measure of a network’s geographical extent. They won’t tell you whether you are likely to get a signal if you plan to visit a remote rural or nearly uninhabited region. Instead, they measure what proportion of time people have a network connection, in the places they most commonly frequent — something often missed by traditional coverage metrics. Looking at when users have a connection rather than where, provides us with a more precise reflection of the true user experience.
We also keep track of the instances that leave mobile users most frustrated: when there is no signal to connect to at all. The most common dead zones users struggle with occur indoors. As most of our availability data is collected indoors (as that’s where users spend most of their time), we’re particularly astute at detecting areas of zero signal.
Our availability metrics take a user-centric, time-based approach that complements the user-centric and geographical-based methodology used by our reach metrics.
5G Availability shows the proportion of time Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription had an active 5G connection.
The coverage maps show the locations where we received measurements from users connecting with 3G or better mobile service. Each map provides an indication of the areas in which it is possible to obtain mobile service from that mobile operator.
Telemach wins Consistent Quality outright with a score of 81.7% — 4.1 percentage points ahead of the runner-up HT and 5.6 percentage points ahead of third-placed A1. These scores reflect the proportion of tests that pass the requirements of Consistent Quality, along with the proportion of completed tests to all tests conducted.
Consistent Quality measures if the network is sufficient to support common mobile application requirements at a level that is ‘good enough’ for users to maintain (or complete) various typical tasks on their devices.
We combine different experience indicators such as download speed, upload speed, latency, jitter, packet discard, and time to first byte to calculate Consistent Quality. These components are evaluated against thresholds recommended by various more demanding common applications used for a range of common tasks.
To calculate the metric value, the proportion of tests that pass the requirements of Consistent Quality is multiplied by the test success ratio, which is the proportion of completed tests to all tests conducted. Tests that pass indicate that activities such as video calling, uploading an image to social media, or using smart home applications will be possible without noticeable lag or slowdown.
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For every metric we calculate statistical confidence intervals indicated on our graphs. When confidence intervals overlap, our measured results are too close to declare a winner. In those cases, we show a statistical draw. For this reason, some metrics have multiple operator winners.
In our bar graphs we represent confidence intervals as boundaries on either sides of graph bars.
In our supporting-metric charts we show confidence intervals as +/- numerical values.
Why confidence intervals are vital in analyzing mobile network experience