USA
Opensignal is the independent global standard for analyzing consumers' connectivity experiences. Our industry reports are the definitive guide to understanding what happens when people use their mobile and broadband connections in their daily life.
USA
Opensignal is the independent global standard for analyzing consumers' connectivity experiences. Our industry reports are the definitive guide to understanding what happens when people use their mobile and broadband connections in their daily life.
Key Findings
T-Mobile users enjoy major boosts in their overall mobile speeds
Not only does T-Mobile keep Download Speed Experience and Upload Speed Experience awards in a firm grip, but also it increases its winning margins over its competitors for both awards. T-Mobile triumphs for Download Speed Experience with a score of 97.1Mbps, after a stunning boost of 17.6Mbps (22.1%) — widening its lead over second-placed AT&T since the last report from 41.3Mbps to 57Mbps. This is the fourth report in which T-Mobile wins Download Speed Experience and it has been widening its lead over its competitors every time. T-Mobile leads for Upload Speed Experience as well, beating Verizon by 3.4Mbps (up from 2.8Mbps) — and so, it wins the award outright with a score of 11.7Mbps.
T-Mobile wins the new Consistency award outright
T-Mobile is the first winner of the Consistent Quality award in the U.S., with a score of 79.8%. Verizon comes second, 3.1 percentage points behind the winner and AT&T takes the third spot, with a score of 75.2%. Consistent Quality quantifies how often users’ experience on a network is sufficient to support various more demanding common applications used for a range of common tasks. It measures download speed, upload speed, latency, jitter, packet loss, time to first byte. To calculate the metric value, the proportion of tests that pass the requirements of Consistent Quality is multiplied by the test success ratio, which is the proportion of completed tests to all tests conducted.
The first overall Live Video Experience award goes to T-Mobile
T-Mobile wins the inaugural Live Video Experience award with a score of 47.3 points on a 100-point scale — 1.9 points ahead of Verizon. Live Video Experience score is made up of a range of measures that impact users’ perceived viewing experience, including e.g. initial delay, total stalling time but also live offset — the time difference between real-time and the current playback position a viewer sees. Live video measures the experience of streaming live events such as watching sports games in real-time, concerts or game streaming.
Verizon snatches Voice App Experience away from T-Mobile
T-Mobile was the sole winner of all three overall experiential awards in the previous report — Video Experience, Games Experience, and Voice App Experience. However, Verizon wins Voice App Experience by a hair this time around — with a score of 77.4 points, only 0.1 points ahead of T-Mobile. All operators place in the Acceptable (74-80) category, which means that some users are satisfied and listeners are generally able to comprehend without repetition. T-Mobile still retains the first two awards and remains the only operator to rate as Good (58-68) for Video Experience.
AT&T leads for Availability
Just like in the previous report, AT&T claims its only outright win for Availability, with a score of 99.4%. AT&T’s score beats Verizon’s by 0.2 percentage points. T-Mobile comes third with a score of 98.3%, but it sees the highest improvement in its score out of all U.S. operators — 0.3 percentage points.
Mobile Experience Awards
Market Overview
In Opensignal's latest USA Mobile Network Experience report we analyze the overall experience of our users across all network technologies — this time with two new awards. For the first time ever we include Consistent Quality, which replaces the Excellent Consistent Quality and Core Consistent Quality awards used in previous reports. We also introduce Live Video Experience, which quantifies the experience of our users watching live events.
T-Mobile dominates the awards table again, with six outright wins out of a possible eight. It strengthens its lead for both speed awards and is the first U.S. carrier to win the new Consistent Quality and Live Video Experience awards. Verizon now wins Voice App Experience seizing the award from previous winner T-Mobile, while AT&T successfully defends Availability as its sole outright win.
While all U.S. operators observed increases in their users’ average download speeds, the experience often varies greatly depending on the geographical location. As the recent Opensignal study demonstrates, a substantial proportion of mobile users in the U.S. struggle with a mediocre mobile network experience — 35.7% of Opensignal smartphone users see average download speeds lower than 25Mbps, below what the FCC defines as broadband.
In this report we examine the mobile network experience of the three main mobile carriers in the U.S. — AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon — over a period of 90 days starting on March 16, 2023 and ending on June 13, 2023, to see how they fared. We also include regional results for UScellular across 19 states. We have published a companion USA 5G Experience report which analyzes the experience of our 5G users when they were connected to 5G.
Overall Experience
National Analysis
T-Mobile retains the on-demand Video Experience award with a score of 61.2 points on a 100-point scale — 4.8 points ahead of Verizon, which comes second and six points ahead of AT&T. T-Mobile remains the only operator to rate as Good (58-68) for Video Experience — meaning our users are on average, able to stream video at 720p or better with satisfactory loading times and little stalling. Meanwhile, AT&T and Verizon place in the Fair (48-58) category.
Video Experience scores account for adaptive bitrate streaming (ABR), a technology that allows Opensignal to accurately represent users’ real video experience including video streams up to 4K quality.
Definitions
Opensignal’s Video Experience quantifies the quality of video streamed to mobile devices by measuring real-world video streams over an operator's networks. The metric is based on an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach, built upon detailed studies which have derived a relationship between technical parameters, including picture quality, video loading time and stall rate, with the perceived video experience as reported by real people. To calculate video experience, we are directly measuring video streams from end-user devices and using this ITU approach to quantify the overall video experience for each operator on a scale from 0 to 100. The videos tested include a mixture of resolutions — including Full HD (FHD) and 4K / Ultra HD (UHD) — and are streamed directly from the world’s largest video content providers.
In addition to Video Experience, we report on the following metrics related to video experience:
- 5G Video Experience: The average Video Experience of Opensignal users when they were connected to an operator’s 5G network.
- Video Experience – 5G Users: The average Video Experience of Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription across an operator's networks. It factors in 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G video experience along with the availability of each technology.
- 4G Video Experience: The average Video Experience of Opensignal users on an operator's 4G network.
- 3G Video Experience: The average Video Experience of Opensignal users on an operator’s 3G network.
National Analysis
T-Mobile wins the inaugural Live Video Experience award with a score of 47.3 points — 1.9 points ahead of Verizon, while AT&T brings up the rear with a score of 41.8 points. Live Video Experience score is made up of a range of measures that impact users’ perceived live streaming viewing experience, including e.g. initial delay, total stalling time but also live offset — the time difference between real-time and the current playback position a viewer sees.
Unlike Video Experience, which represents on-demand video streams, Live Video Experience quantifies live video streaming used for current events. For example when users watch live sports, game streams, music concerts or news where the event is happening at that moment in time.
T-Mobile and Verizon place in the Good (43-53) category, which means our users are, on average, able to stream live events at least at 720p with satisfactory loading times, little stalling and substantial live offset — meanwhile, AT&T rates as Fair (33-43).
Definitions
Opensignal’s Live Video Experience quantifies the quality of real-time video streamed to mobile devices by measuring video streams over an operator's network. The metric extends the existing International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach used for Opensignal's on-demand Video Experience metric, built upon detailed studies which have derived a relationship between technical parameters, including live playback offset, picture quality, video loading time and stall rate, with the perceived live video experience as reported by real people. To calculate live video experience, we are directly measuring live video streams from end-user devices and using this extension of ITU's approach to quantify the overall live video experience for each operator on a scale from 0 to 100. The videos tested include a mixture of resolutions and are streamed directly from the world’s largest video content providers.
National Analysis
T-Mobile remains the sole winner of Games Experience, with a score of 70.4 points on a 100-point scale, beating Verizon by 1.5 points. AT&T lags behind its competitors with a score of 63.6 points.
Our T-Mobile and Verizon users have a Fair (65-75) gaming experience, which means users find the experience to be average and in most cases the game is responsive to the actions of the player. AT&T places in a category below, Poor (40-65).
Definitions
Opensignal’s Games Experience measures how mobile users experience real-time multiplayer mobile gaming on an operator’s network. Measured on a scale of 0-100, it analyzes how our users’ multiplayer mobile gaming experience is affected by mobile network conditions including latency, packet loss and jitter.
Games Experience quantifies the experience when playing real-time multiplayer mobile games on mobile devices connected to servers located around the world. The approach is built on several years of research quantifying the relationship between technical network parameters and the gaming experience as reported by real mobile users. These parameters include latency (round trip time), jitter (variability of latency) and packet loss (the proportion of data packets that never reach their destination). Additionally, it considers multiple genres of multiplayer mobile games to measure the average sensitivity to network conditions. The games tested include some of the most popular real-time multiplayer mobile games (such as Fortnite, Pro Evolution Soccer and Arena of Valor) played around the world.
Calculating Games Experience starts with measuring the end-to-end experience from users’ devices to internet end-points that host real games. The score is then measured on a scale from 0 to 100.
In addition to Games Experience, we report on the following metrics related to games experience:
- 5G Games Experience: The average Games Experience of Opensignal users when they were connected to an operator’s 5G network.
- Games Experience – 5G Users: The average Games Experience of Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription across an operator's networks. It factors in 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G games experience along with the availability of each technology.
- 4G Games Experience: The average Games Experience of Opensignal users on an operator's 4G network.
- 3G Games Experience: The average Games Experience of Opensignal users on an operator's 3G (e.g. UMTS/HSPA or CDMA 1X EV-DO) network.
National Analysis
Verizon snatches Voice App Experience away from T-Mobile, winning the award by a hair — with a score of 77.4 points on a 100 scale, only 0.1 points ahead of T-Mobile. AT&T brings up the rear with a score of 75.5 points — 1.9 points behind the winner Verizon.
All three national operators place in the Acceptable (74-80) category, which means that some users are satisfied but some others experience perceptible call quality impairments. Listeners are generally able to comprehend without repetition.
Definitions
Opensignal's Voice App Experience measures the quality of experience for over-the-top (OTT) voice services — mobile voice apps such as WhatsApp, Skype and Facebook Messenger — using a model derived from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach for quantifying overall voice call quality and a series of calibrated technical parameters. This model characterizes the exact relationship between the technical measurements and perceived call quality. Voice App Experience for each operator is calculated on a scale from 0 to 100.
In addition to Voice App Experience, we report on the following metrics related to voice app experience:
- 5G Voice App Experience: The average Voice App Experience of Opensignal users when they were connected to an operator’s 5G network.
- Voice App Experience – 5G Users: The average Voice App Experience of Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription across an operator's networks. It factors in 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G voice app experience along with the availability of each technology.
- 4G Voice App Experience: The average Voice App Experience of Opensignal users on an operator's 4G network.
- 3G Voice App Experience: The average Voice App Experience of Opensignal users on an operator's 3G (e.g. UMTS/HSPA or CDMA 1X EV-DO) network.
National Analysis
T-Mobile reigns supreme for Download Speed Experience and further increases its winning margin over its competitors. The operator wins the Download Speed Experience award outright with a score of 97.1Mbps, after a stunning boost of 17.6Mbps (22.1%). As a result, it increases its lead over second-placed AT&T since the last report from 41.3Mbps to 57Mbps, with speeds now 2.4 times faster than AT&T’s score of 40.1Mbps. This is the fourth report in which T-Mobile wins Download Speed Experience and it has been widening its lead over its competitors every time.
Both AT&T and Verizon users also observe improvements in their Download Speed Experience scores, although not as substantial as T-Mobile’s users. Since the last report, AT&T users’ average download speeds have increased by 1.9Mbps for our users, while our Verizon users enjoy 3Mbps faster average overall download speeds.
Definitions
Measured in Mbps, Download Speed Experience represents the typical everyday speeds a user experiences across an operator’s mobile data networks.
In addition to Download Speed Experience, we report on the following metrics related to download speeds:
- 5G Download Speed: The average download speed observed by Opensignal users with active 5G connections.
- Download Speed Experience – 5G Users: The average download speeds experienced by Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription across an operator’s networks. It factors in 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G download speeds along with the availability of each technology.
- 4G Download Speed: The average downlink speed observed by Opensignal users when they were connected to 4G.
- 3G Download Speed: The average downlink speed observed by Opensignal users when they were connected to 3G (e.g. UMTS/HSPA or CDMA 1X EV-DO).
National Analysis
T-Mobile defends the Upload Speed Experience award with a score of 11.7Mbps. It commands a lead over second-placed Verizon of 3.4Mbps, up from 2.8Mbps seen in the previous report. Our users on T-Mobile’s network enjoy the highest increase in average overall upload speeds of 1Mbps — ahead of Verizon’s 0.3Mbps. AT&T comes last with a score of 6.4Mbps, after a smaller increase in its score of 0.1Mbps.
Definitions
Upload Speed Experience measures the average upload speeds for each operator observed by our users across their mobile data networks. Typically upload speeds are slower than download speeds, as current mobile broadband technologies focus resources on providing the best possible download speed for users consuming content on their devices. As mobile internet trends move away from downloading content to creating content and supporting real-time communications services, upload speeds are becoming more vital and new technologies are emerging that boost upstream capacity.
In addition to Upload Speed Experience, we report on five supporting metrics related to upload speeds:
- 5G Upload Speed: The average upload speed observed by Opensignal users with active 5G connections.
- Upload Speed Experience – 5G Users: The average upload speeds experienced by Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription across an operator’s networks. It factors in 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G upload speeds along with the availability of each technology.
- 4G Upload Speed: The average uplink speed observed by Opensignal users when they were connected to 4G.
- 3G Upload Speed: The average uplink speed observed by Opensignal users when they were connected to 3G (e.g. UMTS/HSPA or CDMA 1X EV-DO).
Regional Analysis
We analyzed the mobile network experience of our AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon users across all 50 U.S. states, plus the capital Washington D.C., for two speed and four experiential metrics. We also include results for UScellular across 19 states where the carrier operates. Additionally in Alaska, the three active operators are AT&T, GCI, and Verizon.
T-Mobile takes home 193 state awards outright and 67 jointly in the Overall Experience section of 300 awards available (it does not operate in Alaska). The bulk of its outright wins comes from Download Speed Experience, Upload Speed Experience, Video Experience and Live Video Experience. Verizon wins 39 awards outright and 66 jointly, out of 306 available, mainly for Games Experience and Voice App Experience. Meanwhile, AT&T is the sole winner for one award and shares 14 recognitions out of 306 available. The remaining operators’ award haul is more modest, due to their limited area of operations — UScellular jointly wins five awards, while in Alaska, GCI wins two awards outright and shares two.
T-Mobile utterly dominates the Download Speed Experience award table, winning outright in 49 out of 50 regions, It does not win only in Vermont — where AT&T secures its only sole victory — and in Alaska, where T-Mobile does not operate, so GCI wins the award outright there. Our T-Mobile users enjoy the fastest overall download speeds in the U.S. in the District of Columbia, clocking in at 142.4 Mbps.
T-Mobile adds 40 outright and seven joint wins — all shared with Verizon — for Upload Speed Experience. Verizon is the sole winner in three states — Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota — while GCI reigns supreme in Alaska. Our T-Mobile users see the fastest upload speeds in the U.S. in the District of Columbia, clocking in at 20.7Mbps — ahead of New York (18.6Mbps).
Looking at Video Experience and Live Video Experience, T-Mobile wins state awards in 44 and 34 regions outright along with six and 16 jointly, respectively while no other operator sees an outright win in either category. Verizon collects six joint wins for Video Experience and 16 for Live Video Experience, AT&T — three and two and UScellular — one and two, including a double joint win in South Carolina. GCI shares the winners’ podium with Verizon for both these awards in Alaska.
T-Mobile is less dominant in the Games Experience and Voice App Experience categories. T-Mobile wins 18 awards outright and 17 jointly for Games Experience — slightly more than Verizon’s haul of 16 sole and 15 shared wins. AT&T ends with three shared wins, while UScellular secures one in Wisconsin, sharing the podium with both T-Mobile and Verizon. However, Verizon ends with 20 outright and 22 joint awards for Voice App Experience, ahead of T-Mobile’s haul of eight sole and 21 shared wins. AT&T collects six joint awards for Voice App Experience and UScellular is part of a four-way statistical tie in South Carolina.
Regional Analysis Summary: USA, Mobile Network Experience Report, July 2023
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- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
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- Minnesota
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- Missouri
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- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
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in Alabama
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Coverage
AT&T
T-Mobile
Verizon
National Analysis
AT&T secures its only outright win in the awards table for Availability, with a score of 99.4%. AT&T’s score beats Verizon’s by 0.2 percentage points. T-Mobile comes third with a score of 98.3%, but it sees the highest improvement in its score out of all U.S. operators — 0.3 percentage points, compared to AT&T’s increase of 0.1 percentage points. Meanwhile, Verizon’s score is statistically unchanged from the previous report.
Definitions
Our availability metrics are not a measure of a network’s geographical extent. They won’t tell you whether you are likely to get a signal if you plan to visit a remote rural or nearly uninhabited region. Instead, they measure what proportion of time people have a network connection, in the places they most commonly frequent — something often missed by traditional coverage metrics. Looking at when users have a connection rather than where, provides us with a more precise reflection of the true user experience.
We also keep track of the instances that leave mobile users most frustrated: when there is no signal to connect to at all. The most common dead zones users struggle with occur indoors. As most of our availability data is collected indoors (as that’s where users spend most of their time), we’re particularly astute at detecting areas of zero signal.
Our availability metrics take a user-centric, time-based approach that complements the user-centric and geographical-based methodology used by our reach metrics.
Availability shows the proportion of time all Opensignal users on an operator’s network had either a 3G, 4G or 5G connection.
Map Definition
The coverage maps show the locations where we received measurements from users connecting with 3G or better mobile service. Each map provides an indication of the areas in which it is possible to obtain mobile service from that mobile operator.
Regional Analysis
AT&T is the big winner of state Availability awards, ending with 21 outright and 28 joint awards. UScellular sees its only sole win across all regional tables for Availability in West Virginia, while also securing eight more state recognitions for shared wins. There are no outright wins for Verizon and T-Mobile in the Coverage section — however, the former ends with 26 joint state wins across the U.S., while the latter has only one shared award to its name — in Hawaii, along with AT&T and Verizon.
Regional Analysis Summary: USA, Mobile Network Experience Report, July 2023
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A-D
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
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E-H
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
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- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
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M-P
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
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Q-T
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
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U-X
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
in Alabama
in Alaska
in Arizona
in Arkansas
in California
in Colorado
in Connecticut
in Delaware
in District of Columbia
in Florida
in Georgia
in Hawaii
in Idaho
in Illinois
in Indiana
in Iowa
in Kansas
in Kentucky
in Louisiana
in Maine
in Maryland
in Massachusetts
in Michigan
in Minnesota
in Mississippi
in Missouri
in Montana
in Nebraska
in Nevada
in New Hampshire
in New Jersey
in New Mexico
in New York
in North Carolina
in North Dakota
in Ohio
in Oklahoma
in Oregon
in Pennsylvania
in Rhode Island
in South Carolina
in South Dakota
in Tennessee
in Texas
in Utah
in Vermont
in Virginia
in Washington
in West Virginia
in Wisconsin
in Wyoming
Consistency
National Analysis
T-Mobile is the first winner of the Consistent Quality award in the U.S., with a score of 79.8%. Verizon comes second, 3.1 percentage points behind the winner and AT&T takes the third spot, with a score of 75.2%.
The scores reflect the percentage of tests in which users’ experience on a network is sufficient to support the requirements of more common demanding applications, such as video calling, uploading an image to social media, or using smart home applications. This award replaces the Excellent Consistent Quality and Core Consistent Quality awards used in previous reports.
Definitions
Consistent Quality measures if the network is sufficient to support common mobile application requirements at a level that is ‘good enough’ for users to maintain (or complete) various typical tasks on their devices.
We combine different experience indicators such as download speed, upload speed, latency, jitter, packet discard, and time to first byte to calculate Consistent Quality. These components are evaluated against thresholds recommended by various more demanding common applications used for a range of common tasks.
To calculate the metric value, the proportion of tests that pass the requirements of Consistent Quality is multiplied by the test success ratio, which is the proportion of completed tests to all tests conducted. Tests that pass indicate that activities such as video calling, uploading an image to social media, or using smart home applications will be possible without noticeable lag or slowdown.
Regional Analysis
T-Mobile smashes the state awards table in the Consistency section, winning outright in 42 regions out of 50 where it operates (all states and D.C. except for Alaska). Verizon comes first in six states — Alaska, Arkansas, Michigan, North Dakota, South Dakota, and West Virginia, while AT&T secures two outright wins in North Carolina, and Oklahoma. AT&T and Verizon share the winners’ podium in Vermont. Our users enjoy the most consistent quality of mobile network services on T-Mobile’s network in Rhode Island (84.1%), followed by Illinois (83.8%) and the District of Columbia (83.2%).
Regional Analysis Summary: USA, Mobile Network Experience Report, July 2023
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A-D
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
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E-H
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
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I-L
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
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M-P
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
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Q-T
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
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U-X
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
in Alabama
in Alaska
in Arizona
in Arkansas
in California
in Colorado
in Connecticut
in Delaware
in District of Columbia
in Florida
in Georgia
in Hawaii
in Idaho
in Illinois
in Indiana
in Iowa
in Kansas
in Kentucky
in Louisiana
in Maine
in Maryland
in Massachusetts
in Michigan
in Minnesota
in Mississippi
in Missouri
in Montana
in Nebraska
in Nevada
in New Hampshire
in New Jersey
in New Mexico
in New York
in North Carolina
in North Dakota
in Ohio
in Oklahoma
in Oregon
in Pennsylvania
in Rhode Island
in South Carolina
in South Dakota
in Tennessee
in Texas
in Utah
in Vermont
in Virginia
in Washington
in West Virginia
in Wisconsin
in Wyoming
Related Analysis
Our Methodology
Collecting billions of individual measurements daily from over 100 million devices globally, Opensignal independently analyzes mobile and broadband user experience on every major network operator around the globe.
About Opensignal
Opensignal is the leading global provider of independent insights into consumers' connectivity experiences and choice of carrier. Our proprietary insights into mobile and broadband networks give operators the solutions they need to profitably compete and win, from executive level scorecards and public validation to pin-point level engineering analytics and consumer decision dynamics.
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Confidence Intervals
For every metric we calculate statistical confidence intervals indicated on our graphs. When confidence intervals overlap, our measured results are too close to declare a winner. In those cases, we show a statistical draw. For this reason, some metrics have multiple operator winners.
In our bar graphs we represent confidence intervals as boundaries on either sides of graph bars.
In our supporting-metric charts we show confidence intervals as +/- numerical values.
Why confidence intervals are vital in analyzing mobile network experience