Opensignal is the independent global standard for analyzing consumers' connectivity experiences. Our industry reports are the definitive guide to understanding what happens when people use their mobile and broadband connections in their daily life.
Opensignal is the independent global standard for analyzing consumers' connectivity experiences. Our industry reports are the definitive guide to understanding what happens when people use their mobile and broadband connections in their daily life.
Telekom makes a clean sweep of the five awards in the 5G Experience section. Our users on Telekom’s network had the best 5G Video Experience, 5G Games Experience and 5G Voice App Experience with scores of 81.2, 84.7 and 82.3 points on a 100 point scale, as well as the fastest 5G Download Speed (152.1 Mbps) and 5G Upload Speed (35.1 Mbps).
Telekom remains clearly ahead of its competitors in our two measures of the extent of a 5G network, as it continues to win by large margins in both 5G Availability and 5G Reach. Our Telekom users spent 13.3% of their time with an active 5G connection — which was about twice more than the experience of users that connected with second-placed Vodafone. In addition, Telekom scored 4.7 points (on a 10-point scale) in 5G Reach, with a lead of 1.8 points ahead of second-placed Vodafone. 5G Availability reflects the proportion of time that 5G users had an active 5G connection, while 5G Reach represents the proportion of locations 5G users visited that had a 5G signal.
Telekom is the only German operator to exceed the 50 Mbps mark in Download Speed Experience as it wins this award with a score of 51.8 Mbps. However, Vodafone places second with a fairly close score of 47.3 Mbps, while O2 follows at some distance with 36.5 Mbps. Our Telekom users also enjoyed the fastest overall average upload speeds in the country as Telekom scored 13.1 Mbps, ahead of Vodafone and O2 which are statistically tied in second place with scores in the 11.1-11.2 Mbps range.
Our O2 users spent the largest proportion of time connected to either a 3G, 4G, or 5G network — 93.7%. This means that O2 is the outright winner of the Availability award. Telekom comes behind O2 with a score of 93.2% while Vodafone is in third place with a score of 92.8%.
Our users on Vodafone’s network enjoyed the best overall multiplayer mobile gaming experience, as well as the best overall experience for over-the-top (OTT) voice services. In fact, Vodafone wins Games Experience with a score of 74.8 points and a 2.6 points lead, while securing a 1.4-1.6 point victory margin in Voice App Experience. Vodafone is also a joint winner in Video Experience alongside Telekom, as the two operators’ scores were statistically tied in the 60.2-60.6 point range.
Telekom wins the Excellent Consistent Quality award with a 1.4 percentage point margin over second-placed Vodafone. In Core Consistent Quality, Telekom again beats Vodafone by 1.4 percentage points. Our measures of consistent quality quantify how often users’ experience on a network was sufficient to support common applications’ requirements. Excellent Consistent Quality analyzes the percentage of users' tests that met the minimum recommended thresholds for watching HD video, completing group video conference calls and playing games. Core Consistent Quality uses thresholds for less demanding applications.
In Opensignal's latest Germany Mobile Network Experience report we analyze both the 5G experience and the overall experience together for the first time in one report. Also, we add two new awards that quantify the consistency of the experience on each of Germany's three national operators.
Telekom wins the lion’s share of the awards by winning outright all 5G prizes — five awards in the 5G Experience section as well as both 5G Availability and 5G Reach — but is also the sole winner in Download Speed Experience and Upload Speed Experience, and comes top in both Consistent Quality awards. Vodafone triumphs in Games Experience and Voice App Experience, while sharing Video Experience with Telekom. Finally, O2 earned a seat at the winners’ table by winning outright in Availability.
German operators continue focusing on their 5G deployments. In April, Telekom announced that in the previous five weeks it had expanded its 5G coverage to 350 locations with 3.5 GHz spectrum, and to 152 areas with its 2100 MHz 5G network. Earlier this year, Telekom revealed that it reached 90% 5G population coverage, and that it planned to use its 700 MHz spectrum for 5G Standalone (5G SA) this year. In February, O2 announced that its 5G network covered one-third of the German population, while Vodafone at the beginning of the year claimed its 5G network reached more than half of the population.
In this report we examine the mobile network experience of the three main mobile network operators in Germany — O2, Telekom and Vodafone — over a period of 90 days starting on January 1, 2022 and ending on March 31, 2022, to see how they fared.
Telekom and Vodafone are the joint winners of the Video Experience award with scores in the 60.2-60.6 point range, on a 100 point scale. O2 places third having scored 59 points.
We also observed a tight set of scores when turning to the overall video streaming experience observed by our 5G users (Video Experience – 5G Users). But here, it is O2 who shares the first place with Telekom as their scores are statistically tied in the 63.6-64.9 point range. Despite also achieving 63.6 points, Vodafone’s Video Experience – 5G users score was not statistically tied with Telekom’s, thus not earning it first place.
Looking at 5G Video Experience — which measures the experience of our 5G users when connected to a 5G network — we observed Telekom edging out its two competitors as it wins outright with a 3.8-4.5 point margin over statistically tied O2 and Vodafone.
Opensignal’s Video Experience quantifies the quality of video streamed to mobile devices by measuring real-world video streams over an operator's networks. The metric is based on an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach, built upon detailed studies which have derived a relationship between technical parameters, including picture quality, video loading time and stall rate, with the perceived video experience as reported by real people. To calculate video experience, we are directly measuring video streams from end-user devices and using this ITU approach to quantify the overall video experience for each operator on a scale from 0 to 100. The videos tested include a mixture of resolutions — including Full HD (FHD) and 4K / Ultra HD (UHD) — and are streamed directly from the world’s largest video content providers.
In addition to Video Experience, we report on the following metrics related to video experience:
Our users had their best experience when playing multiplayer mobile games over cellular connections on Vodafone’s network. The operator scored 74.8 points on a 100 point scale, with a 2.6 point lead over second-placed Telekom’s score of 72.3 points. O2 places third with a score of 70.2 points. All three German operators placed in the Fair category (65-75) for Games Experience.
Turning to 5G Games Experience — which measures the experience of our 5G users when connected to a 5G network — we observed 6.2-12.4 points gains compared to the overall experience measured across all mobile technologies. Telekom recorded the largest improvement on 5G — 12.4 points — allowing the operator to turn the table and secure victory in 5G Games Experience.
Opensignal’s Games Experience measures how mobile users experience real-time multiplayer mobile gaming on an operator’s network. Measured on a scale of 0-100, it analyzes how our users’ multiplayer mobile gaming experience is affected by mobile network conditions including latency, packet loss and jitter.
Games Experience quantifies the experience when playing real-time multiplayer mobile games on mobile devices connected to servers located around the world. The approach is built on several years of research quantifying the relationship between technical network parameters and the gaming experience as reported by real mobile users. These parameters include latency (round trip time), jitter (variability of latency) and packet loss (the proportion of data packets that never reach their destination). Additionally, it considers multiple genres of multiplayer mobile games to measure the average sensitivity to network conditions. The games tested include some of the most popular real-time multiplayer mobile games (such as Fortnite, Pro Evolution Soccer and Arena of Valor) played around the world.
Calculating Games Experience starts with measuring the end-to-end experience from users’ devices to internet end-points that host real games. The score is then measured on a scale from 0 to 100.
In addition to Games Experience, we report on the following metrics related to games experience:
Vodafone is the outright winner of the Voice App Experience award, with a score of 78.8 points on a 100 point scale. However, its margin of victory is relatively narrow, given its two competitors are in joint second place with 77.2-77.4 points. O2, Telekom and Vodafone all placed in the Acceptable category (74-80) for Voice App Experience.
Opensignal's Voice App Experience measures the quality of experience for over-the-top (OTT) voice services — mobile voice apps such as WhatsApp, Skype and Facebook Messenger — using a model derived from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach for quantifying overall voice call quality and a series of calibrated technical parameters. This model characterizes the exact relationship between the technical measurements and perceived call quality. Voice App Experience for each operator is calculated on a scale from 0 to 100.
In addition to Voice App Experience, we report on the following metrics related to voice app experience:
Our users observed the fastest average overall download speeds on Telekom’s network — 51.8 Mbps, which was 4.5 Mbps (9.4%) faster than second-placed Vodafone’s score of 47.3 Mbps. As a result, Telekom is the outright winner of the Download Speed Experience award. O2 comes in third place with 36.5 Mbps, which was 10.9 Mbps slower than Vodafone and 15.3 Mbps behind Telekom.
Turning to the overall average download speeds observed by our 5G users (Download Speed Experience – 5G Users), Telekom scored 70.5 Mbps, which was 11.6 Mbps and 16 Mbps faster than what our 5G users experienced on Vodafone and O2’s networks — 58.9 Mbps and 54.5 Mbps, respectively.
Measured in Mbps, Download Speed Experience represents the typical everyday speeds a user experiences across an operator’s mobile data networks.
In addition to Download Speed Experience, we report on the following metrics related to download speeds:
As our Telekom users observed the fastest average overall upload speeds — 13.1 Mbps — Telekom is the sole winner of the Upload Speed Experience award. O2 and Vodafone share the second place with statistically tied scores in the 11.1-11.2 Mbps range.
Looking at the overall average upload speeds observed by our 5G users (Upload Speed Experience – 5G Users), we saw Telekom securing a larger lead as it scored 15.2 Mbps, compared with 11.6-11.7 Mbps experienced on O2 and Vodafone.
Upload Speed Experience measures the average upload speeds for each operator observed by our users across their mobile data networks. Typically upload speeds are slower than download speeds, as current mobile broadband technologies focus resources on providing the best possible download speed for users consuming content on their devices. As mobile internet trends move away from downloading content to creating content and supporting real-time communications services, upload speeds are becoming more vital and new technologies are emerging that boost upstream capacity.
In addition to Upload Speed Experience, we report on five supporting metrics related to upload speeds:
As is the case with the national scores, the regional awards table highlights how Telekom and Vodafone excel across different mobile experience categories. Telekom wins all the regional awards for Download Speed Experience and Upload Speed Experience — although it shares six awards in the former category with Vodafone, and three awards for Upload Speed Experience with both O2 and Vodafone. Vodafone is either a sole or joint winner for all except one regional award in Video Experience, Games Experience and Voice App Experience (the only exception being Munster in Voice App Experience), and it shares more than half of its wins with both O2 and Telekom.
Telekom is the outright winner of the 5G Video Experience award, with a score of 81.2 points on a 100 point scale. O2 and Vodafone share second place with statistically tied scores in the 76.7-77.4 point range. All three operators’ scores for 5G Video Experience are much higher than their overall scores — across all generations of mobile technology — with the improvement ranging from 17.2 points for Vodafone to 20.6 points for Telekom.
5G Video Experience quantifies the quality of mobile video experienced by Opensignal users on real-world video streams when they were connected to 5G. The metric is based on an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach, built upon detailed studies which have derived a relationship between technical parameters, including picture quality, video loading time and stall rate, with the perceived video experience as reported by real people. To calculate 5G Video Experience, we are directly measuring video streams from end-user devices and using this ITU approach to quantify the video experience observed by our users on each operator’s 5G network on a scale from 0 to 100. The videos tested include a mixture of resolutions — including Full HD (FHD) and 4K / Ultra HD (UHD) — and are streamed directly from the world’s largest video content providers.
Of the three German operators, it was our Telekom users that had the best multiplayer mobile gaming experience when connected to 5G networks with a score of 84.7 points. Vodafone places second with 81.1 points, while O2 follows a few points behind having scored 77.1 points. All three operators earned Good ratings (75-85).
5G Games Experience measures how mobile users experience real-time multiplayer mobile gaming on an operator's 5G network. It analyzes how our users’ multiplayer mobile gaming experience was affected by mobile network conditions including latency, packet loss and jitter. 5G Games Experience for each operator is calculated on a scale from 0 to 100.
5G Games Experience quantifies the experience when playing real-time multiplayer mobile games on mobile devices connected to servers located around the world. The approach is built on several years of research quantifying the relationship between technical network parameters and the gaming experience as reported by real mobile users. These parameters include latency (round trip time), jitter (variability of latency) and packet loss (the proportion of data packets that never reach their destination). Additionally, it considers multiple genres of multiplayer mobile games to measure the average sensitivity to network conditions. The games tested include some of the most popular real-time multiplayer mobile games (such as Fortnite, Pro Evolution Soccer and Arena of Valor) played around the world. Calculating 5G Games Experience starts with measuring the end-to-end experience from users’ devices to internet end-points that host real games.
Our Telekom users had the best experience when using over-the-top voice applications while connected to 5G, given the operator’s score of 82.3 points. O2 and Vodafone share second place with identical scores of 81.6 points. All three operators placed in the Good (80-87) category for 5G Voice App Experience.
5G Voice App Experience quantifies the experience of Opensignal users when using over-the-top voice apps — such as WhatsApp, Skype and Facebook Messenger — on an operator’s 5G network. It uses a model derived from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach for quantifying overall voice call quality and a series of calibrated technical parameters. This model characterizes the exact relationship between the technical measurements and perceived call quality. 5G Voice App Experience for each operator is calculated on a scale from 0 to 100.
Our Telekom users saw the fastest average 5G download speeds — 152.1 Mbps, making Telekom the sole winner of the 5G Download Speed award. However, O2’s score wasn’t far behind as the operator secured second place with 143.3 Mbps. Vodafone follows in third place with 109.9 Mbps.
Operators’ 5G Download Speed scores were between 2.3-3.9 times faster than their overall Download Speed Experience scores, highlighting the extent to which average overall download speeds could improve once users spend the majority of their time connected to 5G.
5G Download Speed shows the average download speed experienced by Opensignal users across an operator’s 5G network. 5G Download Speed for each operator is calculated in Mbps (Megabits per second).
Telekom is the sole winner of the 5G Upload Speed award, as our users observed the fastest average 5G upload speeds on its network — 35.1 Mbps. Vodafone and O2 follow in second and third place, as our users on those networks experienced average 5G upload speeds of 23.2 Mbps and 20.1 Mbps, respectively.
5G Upload Speed measures the average upload speeds experienced by Opensignal users across an operator’s 5G network. 5G Upload Speed for each operator is calculated in Mbps (Megabits per second).
Looking at the 5G Experience in five cities, Telekom features as a winner for all awards, although it shares most with one or both of its rivals. Vodafone is a joint winner in multiple cities for 5G Games Experience, 5G Voice App Experience and 5G Upload Speed, while also sharing 5G Video Experience in Stuttgart. O2 also collects multiple shared victories in all mobile experience categories, except for 5G Upload Speed.
O2 is the outright winner of the Availability award, with a score of 93.7%. This means that our O2 users spent the largest proportion of time connected to either 3G, 4G, or 5G. Telekom comes behind O2 with a score of 93.2% while Vodafone is in third place with a score of 92.8%.
Our availability metrics are not a measure of a network’s geographical extent. They won’t tell you whether you are likely to get a signal if you plan to visit a remote rural or nearly uninhabited region. Instead, they measure what proportion of time people have a network connection, in the places they most commonly frequent — something often missed by traditional coverage metrics. Looking at when users have a connection rather than where, provides us with a more precise reflection of the true user experience.
We also keep track of the instances that leave mobile users most frustrated: when there is no signal to connect to at all. The most common dead zones users struggle with occur indoors. As most of our availability data is collected indoors (as that’s where users spend most of their time), we’re particularly astute at detecting areas of zero signal.
Our availability metrics take a user-centric, time-based approach that complements the user-centric and geographical-based methodology used by our reach metrics.
Availability shows the proportion of time all Opensignal users on an operator’s network had either a 3G, 4G or 5G connection.
The coverage maps show the locations where we received measurements from users connecting with 3G or better mobile service. Each map provides an indication of the areas in which it is possible to obtain mobile service from that mobile operator.
Our users on Telekom’s network spent the greatest proportion of their time on average with an active 5G connection — 13.3%. As a result, Telekom is the sole winner of the 5G Availability award. By comparison, Vodafone and O2 scored 7.1% and 6.1%, respectively. The higher 5G Availability is, the greater the amount of time that users were able to benefit from the improved mobile experience that 5G can provide.
Our availability metrics are not a measure of a network’s geographical extent. They won’t tell you whether you are likely to get a signal if you plan to visit a remote rural or nearly uninhabited region. Instead, they measure what proportion of time people have a network connection, in the places they most commonly frequent — something often missed by traditional coverage metrics. Looking at when users have a connection rather than where, provides us with a more precise reflection of the true user experience.
We also keep track of the instances that leave mobile users most frustrated: when there is no signal to connect to at all. The most common dead zones users struggle with occur indoors. As most of our availability data is collected indoors (as that’s where users spend most of their time), we’re particularly astute at detecting areas of zero signal.
Our availability metrics take a user-centric, time-based approach that complements the user-centric and geographical-based methodology used by our reach metrics.
5G Availability shows the proportion of time Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription had an active 5G connection.
The coverage maps show the locations where we received measurements from users connecting with 3G or better mobile service. Each map provides an indication of the areas in which it is possible to obtain mobile service from that mobile operator.
Telekom claims victory in 5G Reach — which measures the proportion of locations where our users observed 5G out of all the places they visited. Telekom scored 4.7 points on a 10 point scale, securing a 1.8 point winning margin over Vodafone which scored 2.9 points. O2 places third with 2.1 points.
5G Reach measures how users experience the geographical extent of an operator’s 5G network. It analyzes the average proportion of locations where users were connected to a 5G network out of all the locations those users have visited. In simple terms, 5G Reach measures the 5G mobile experience in all the locations that matter most to everyday users – i.e. all the places where they live, work and travel. 5G Reach for each operator is measured on a scale from 0 to 10.
The coverage maps show the locations where we received measurements from users connecting with 3G or better mobile service. Each map provides an indication of the areas in which it is possible to obtain mobile service from that mobile operator.
O2, Telekom and Vodafone are locked in a three-way victory for Availability in 18 out of 24 cities we analyzed. Of the remaining six cities, O2 is the outright winner in Berlin and Hamburg, while sharing the award with Telekom in Duisburg, and with Vodafone in Frankfurt, Hanover and Mannheim.
Telekoms wins all regional awards for 5G Availability and 5G Reach across the five cities where we included 5G results. However, O2 is a joint winner for three of these awards — 5G Availability in Stuttgart, as well as 5G Reach in Munich and Stuttgart.
Telekom is the sole winner of the Excellent Consistent Quality award as its score of 82.9% is 1.4 percentage points higher than that of second-placed Vodafone’s 81.5%. O2 is in third place, with a score of 79.3%.
Consistent Quality measures how often users’ experience on a network was sufficient to support common applications’ requirements. It measures download speed, upload speed, latency, jitter, packet loss, time to first byte and the percentage of tests attempted which did not succeed due to a connectivity issue on either the download or server response component.
Full details on how the Consistent Quality metrics — Excellent Consistent Quality and Core Consistent Quality — are calculated can be found here.
Excellent Consistent Quality is the percentage of users’ tests that met the minimum recommended performance thresholds to watch HD video, complete group video conference calls and play games.
As is the case with Excellent Consistent Quality, Telekom is the outright winner of the Core Consistent Quality award. The operator wins with a score of 90.7%, 1.4 percentage points ahead of second-placed Vodafone’s score of 89.3%. O2 is in third place with 88.9%, with a much closer score to its rivals’ compared to the Excellent Consistent Quality award.
Consistent Quality measures how often users’ experience on a network was sufficient to support common applications’ requirements. It measures download speed, upload speed, latency, jitter, packet loss, time to first byte and the percentage of tests attempted which did not succeed due to a connectivity issue on either the download or server response component.
Full details on how the Consistent Quality metrics — Excellent Consistent Quality and Core Consistent Quality — are calculated can be found here.
Core Consistent Quality is the percentage of users’ tests that met the minimum recommended performance thresholds for lower performance applications including SD video, voice calls and web browsing.
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For every metric we calculate statistical confidence intervals indicated on our graphs. When confidence intervals overlap, our measured results are too close to declare a winner. In those cases, we show a statistical draw. For this reason, some metrics have multiple operator winners.
In our bar graphs we represent confidence intervals as boundaries on either sides of graph bars.
In our supporting-metric charts we show confidence intervals as +/- numerical values.
Why confidence intervals are vital in analyzing mobile network experience